Early-life determinants of health and ageing: How the intrauterine environment shapes long-term physiological trajectories, including lifespan cardiometabolic health and patterns of cardiac ageing in the offspring.

Developmental origins of cardiometabolic disease: In utero drivers of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular dysfunction across the lifespan.

Maternal dietary quality and fetal development: Effects of nutritional status during pregnancy on fetal growth, organ development, and metabolic programming.

Molecular mechanisms of fetal programming: Linking prenatal exposures to cellular, mitochondrial, and molecular alterations that underlie later disease risk.

Sex-specific susceptibility: Identifying biological differences in how male and female offspring respond to early-life adversities.

Early biomarkers of risk: Detecting early indicators of cardiometabolic vulnerability in newborns exposed to adverse intrauterine environments.

Translational impact: Converting mechanistic findings into strategies for early intervention, prevention, and health promotion.